Biology Standards

Standard

Relationship to Course Textbook

Related Class Activity

ESLR’S

Cell Biology

1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:

 

 

 

·       A. Students know cells are enclosed within semi permeable membranes that regulate their interaction with their surroundings.

Chapter 5, Section 4: Movement of Materials Through the Cell Membrane

Lab: Diffusion Across a Membrane 

                                                                         Lab: Observing Osmosis and Diffusion in Plant Cells. 

                                                                         Worksheet: Passive and Active Transport

 

·       B. Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings.

Chapter 4- Notes, lecture, and reading

 

Demo: Salivary Amylase

                                                                         Lab: Jell-O Lab

 

·       C. Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure.

Chapter 5, Sections 1-3: Cell Theory, Cell

Structure and Organelles.

 

 

 

 

Activity: Cell Analogy Poster 

                                                                         Lab:  Observing Plant and Animal Cells 

                                                                         Project: Cell Flip Chart

 

·       D. Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Chp 5- notes, lecture, and reading

 

 

·       E. Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins.

Chapter 5,

Section 3.

 

Project: Cell Flip Chart

 

·       F. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.

Chapter 6- Notes, lecture, and reading

Lab- separation of pigments

 

·       G. Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors.

Chapter 5,

Section 3.

 

Project: Cell Flip Chart. 

                                                                         Chapter 6, Section 3: Glycolosis and Respiration.

 

·       H. Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production

Chapter 4- notes, lecture, and reading

                                                                        

Chp 4- notes, lecture, and reading

                                                                         Activity- 4 major compounds chart

                                                                         Lab- Identifying organic substances

 

·       J. Students know how eukaryotic cells are given shape and internal organization by a cytoskeleton or cell wall or both.

 

None

 

 

Genetics

                                        State Standard

 

2. Mutation and sexual reproduction lead to genetic

variation in a population. As a basis for understanding this

concept:

 

 

 

·       A. Students know meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction in which the pairs of chromosomes separate and segregate randomly during cell division to pro-duce gametes containing one chromosome of each type.

Chapter 9- notes, lecture, and reading

 

Lab- Making a Baby  Computers- on line site demonstrating meiosis                                  

 

 

 

 

·       B. Students know only certain cells in a multicellular organism undergo meiosis.

None

Same as above

 

·       C. Students know how random chromosome segregation

explains the probability that a particular allele will be  a gamete.

None

Same as above

 

·       D. Students know new combinations of alleles may be generated in a zygote through the fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization).

Chapter 9- notes, lecture, and reading

Lab- Making a Baby

                                                               Video- Geometry of Life

 

·       E. Students know why approximately half of an individual’s DNA sequence comes from each parent.

Chapter 9- notes, lecture, and reading

Lab- Making a Baby

                                                               Video- Geometry of Life

 

·       F. Students know the role of chromosomes in determining an individual’s sex.

Chapter 10- notes, lecture, and reading

Lab- Karyotype                                      Video- Secrets of Life Part II-                                                “birth, sex, and death”

 

·       G. Students know how to predict possible combinations of alleles in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents.

Chapter 9- notes, lecture, and reading

Activity- “Should this dog be called spot?”

                                                               Punnett Square problems (single and double trait crosses)

 

A multicellular organism develops from a single zygote, and its phenotype depends on its genotype, which is established at fertilization. As a basis for understanding this concept:

 

 

 

A. Students know how to predict the probable outcome of phenotypes in a genetic cross from the genotypes of the parents and mode of inheritance (autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recessive).

Chapter 9 and 10 and 11- Notes, lecture, reading

Lab: Karyotype

                                                               Activities: Punnett Square problems and Sex- linked Genetic                                                       disorder problems

 

B. Students know the genetic basis for Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment.

Chapter 9- Notes and reading

None

 

C.* Students know how to predict the probable mode of inheritance from a pedigree diagram showing phenotypes.

Chapter 11- Notes on Family trees

Activity- Genetic disorders within a family (analyzing a family tree)                                                              

 

·       D. Students know how water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle between abiotic resources and organic matter in the ecosystem and how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis and respiration.

Chapter 47, section

4

Jigsaw: Biogeochemical Cycles                                                                         Lecture: Photosynthesis and Respiration; The Short

                                                                   Version

 

·       E. Students know a vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of its producers and decomposers.

Chapter 47- Notes, lecture

Activity- Protein synthesis paper lab

 

·       F.* Students know why proteins having different amino acid sequences typically have different shapes and chemical properties.

 

 

 

The genetic composition of cells can be altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into the cells. As a basis  for understanding this concept:

 

 

 

·       A. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.

                                                           Chapter 7- notes, lecture, and reading

Activity- DNA model construction

 

·       B. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA.

Chapter 7- Notes. Lecture, and reading

Video- DNA Replication on “Standard Deviation” video.

 

·       C. Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products.

Chapter 12- Notes, lecture, and readings

Computers- going online to view outside readings about altered food, cloning, and other topics of student interest.

                                                            Labs- DNA fingerprinting

 

·       D.* Students know how basic DNA technology (restriction digestion by endonu-cleases, gel electrophoresis, ligation, and  transformation) is used to construct recombinant DNA molecules.

None

None

 

·       E.* Students know how exogenous DNA can be inserted in bacterial cells to alter their genetic makeup and support expression of new protein products.

None

None

 

·        

 

 

 

Ecology

 

 

 

·       A. Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection.

Chapter 45- Chapter Questions

Lab- Virus

                                                                       Lab- Virtual Immune System

 

·       B. Students know how to analyze changes in an ecosystem resulting from changes in climate, human activity, introduction of nonnative species, or changes in population size.

Chapter 49: People and the Biosphere

                                                                       Intro: Excerpts from Earth in the Balance with                                   questions and discussion. 

                                                                       Video: Jam Packed

                                                                     Online Lab: Factors Affecting Population Growth                                                                  Reminder about Limiting Factors.

                                                                        Video: The Greenhouse Effect

                                                                        Jigsaw: The State of the Environment, Now and in                                               the Future (Powerpoint presentations about current                                                  and future environmental challenges and how they                                                                    might be addressed.)

 

·       C. Students know how fluctuations in population size in an ecosystem are determined by the relative rates of birth, immigration, emigration, and death.

Chapter 48: Populations and Communities

Lab: Population Growth in Yeast

Lecture/Discussion: Limiting Factors                                                 Video: Living Together (Symbiosis: How changes in                                            one population may affect the size and/or health of                                                           another population.)

 

 

 

·       D. Students know how water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle between abiote resources and organic matter in the ecosystem and how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis and respiration.

 

 

Chapter 47, section 4

 

 

Jigsaw: Biogeochemical Cycles

Lecture: Photosynthesis and Respiration; The Short                                                              Version

 

·       E. Students know a vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of its producers and decomposers.

Chapter 47, section 4

Reading: Excerpt from Life in the Balance;                                                                   Termites In the Okavango Scheme of Things

 

·       F. Students know at each link in a food web some energy is stored in new made structures but much energy is dissipated into the environment as heat. This dissipation may be represented in an energy pyramid.

Chapter 47, section 4

Activity: Making an Ecological Pyramid (Energy

                                                                       Flow and Food Chains/Webs.)

 

·       G.* Students know how to distinguish between the accommodation of an individual organism to its environment and the gradual adaptation of a lineage of organisms through genetic change.

None

None

 

            Evolution

 

 

 

7. The frequency of an allele in a gene pool of a population depends on many factors and may be stable or unstable over time. As a basis for understanding this concept:

 

 

 

·       A. Students know why natural selection acts on the phenotype rather than the geno-type of an organism.

Chapter 14- Notes, Lecture, and reading

 

 

·       B. Students know why alleles that are lethal in a homozygous individual may be carried in a heterozygote and thus maintained in a gene pool.

Notes, Lecture, and reading

Video- Secrets of Life Part IV- Sickle Cell Anemia